Advanced Dairy Chemistry by Paul L. H. McSweeney & Patrick F. Fox

Author:Paul L. H. McSweeney & Patrick F. Fox
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer US, Boston, MA

9.3 Origins of Immunoglobulins in Mammary Secretions

9.3.1 Sources of Immunoglobulins in Mammary Secretions

Immunoglobulins found in mammary secretions arise from systemic and intramammary origins. The proportion of colostrum IgG that is produced by plasma cells in the mammary gland is minor compared with that which is absorbed from the serum. Much of the IgA and IgM found in colostrum and milk is produced by plasma cells in the mammary tissue. Mammary gland plasma cells lie adjacent to the mammary alveolar epithelial cells (Nickerson and Heald, 1982; Sordillo and Nickerson, 1988). Bovine mammary tissue contains plasma cells producing IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes, with IgG-producing cells predominating during lactation and involution (Yurchak et al., 1971; Sordillo and Nickerson, 1988).

Mammary plasma cells arise from migration of lymphocytes from the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), which includes the Peyer’s patches, lymphoid and myeloid cells in the lamina propria, and intraepithelial lymphocytes (Husband, 1985; Hunziker and Kraehenbuhl, 1998; Kelsall and Strober, 1999; Ishikawa et al., 2005; Spenser et al., 2007). Maternal exposure to antigens through the gastrointestinal tract results in activation of GALT lymphocytes. These GALT lymphocytes reflect the antigen exposure response in the mother’s mucosal immune system and provide a direct link between intestinal and mammary immune systems (Telemo and Hanson, 1996; Hunziker and Kraehenbuhl, 1998; Brandtzaeg, 2010). As a consequence, maternal colostrum and milk contain antibodies specific for pathogens that may be encountered by the neonate’s intestine and other mucosal tissues (Hanson et al., 2001; Brandtzaeg, 2003, 2010).

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